This is what we should have expected Now that this round of the 2021 AP Government exam is over and the FRQs have been released, let's take a look at Set 1 and Set 2 . The Equal Protection Clause should only be used to protect those who have been discriminated against in the past, they wrote. Hopefully those cards I made the students create did the trick. Please read Marco Learning's Terms and Conditions, click to agree, and submit at the bottom of the window. In 1982, however, the Buckeye State sent 21. To access the Website or some of the resources it offers, you may be asked to provide certain registration details or other information. Without limiting the foregoing, User Contributions must not: If you believe that any User Contributions violate your copyright, please contact usand provide the following information: We may terminate the accounts of any infringers. Identify a constitutional clause that is common to both Bush v. Vera (1996) and Shaw v. Reno (1993). (2020, December 4). You may not order or obtain products or services from this website if you (i) do not agree to these Terms of Use, or (ii) are prohibited from accessing or using this Website or any of this Websites contents, goods or services by applicable law. Think about what features you can incorporate into your own free-response answers. The Attorney General did not object to the revised plan. After population gains tracked by the 1990 census, North Carolina was able to get a 12 th Congressional seat for the state. (FRQ) on every exam that will require students to compare the facts, issue, arguments, or decisions in one of the required case to a non-required case. -Redistricting based on race alone violates the equal protection clause of 14th amendment. : an American History (Eric Foner), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever). An age restriction seems just more established law. 92-357 Argued: April 20, 1993 Decided: June 28, 1993. United States Supreme Court. Terminate or suspend your access to all or part of the Website for any or no reason, including without limitation, any violation of these Terms of Use. Part B will often require you to compare or contrast the two cases, perhaps asking you to explain why the facts of the cases resulted in different holdings. The Website may contain message boards, chat rooms, personal web pages or profiles, forums, bulletin boards, and other interactive features (collectively, "Interactive Services") that allow users to post, submit, publish, display, or transmit to other users or other persons (hereinafter, "post") content or materials (collectively, "User Contributions") on or through the Website. Since court case backgrounds and holdings are nuanced, pay very close attention to the details and reasoning of the new case. Any of the material on the Website may be out of date at any given time, and we are under no obligation to update such material. While Congress cannot legislate against the former, it can regulate religious action; in this case, the holding justified the prohibition of the action of bigamy based on the tradition of English law. You will have 100 minutes to write your responses for all four of the questions. for all other feedback, comments, requests for technical support, and other communications relating to the Website. Star Athletica, L.L.C. We may update the content on this Website from time to time, but its content is not necessarily complete or up-to-date. Here are the 4 different FRQs that will be included: Concept Application: Respond to a political scenario, describe and explain the effects of a political institution, behavior, or process Shelby County v. Holder: Supreme Court Case, Arguments, Impact, What Is Redistricting? For instance, you could be asked how citizens could react to a ruling with which they disagree. Identify a constitutional clause that is common to both Bush v. Vera (1996) and Shaw v. Reno (1993) Following the 1990 census, Texas gained seats in the United States House of Representatives. Remove or refuse to post any User Contributions for any or no reason in our sole discretion. If you require an accessible version of any documents on this page, please email Accessibility@collegeboard.org. Learn more aboutthe other free response questions on the AP U.S. Government and Politics exam. It is simply not plausible for the white voters here to argue that the white majoritys influence over the political process has been canceled out. The third of these questions is a SCOTUS comparison essay, in which you will be required to compare a non-required Supreme Court case with a required Supreme Court case, so get to know each required Supreme Court case as well as possible! Shaw v. Reno, EXPLAINED [AP Gov Required Supreme Court Cases] Heimler's History 446K subscribers Subscribe 1.7K 107K views 1 year ago AP Government Unit 2 Review GET FOLLOW-ALONG. By providing any User Contribution on the Website, you grant us and our affiliates and service providers, and each of their and our respective licensees, successors, and assigns the right to use, reproduce, modify, perform, display, distribute, and otherwise disclose to third parties any such material for any purpose. What could be more essential to the course, and fairer in terms of expectation. Many of our students will take a different version soon. I appreciated the quantitative FRQ in the other set on Cabinet diversity. There was some discussion on the AP Government teachers Facebook page about whether a prompt that points to voter registration (Swifts) as a structural barrier, might also enable the age limit of 18 as an acceptable answer. Sch. Explain how the decision in Bush v. Vera could affect the process of redistricting for congressional representation in other states. If you provide us your email address, you agree and consent to receive email messages from us. We reserve the right to withdraw linking permission without notice. THE FOREGOING DOES NOT AFFECT ANY LIABILITY THAT CANNOT BE EXCLUDED OR LIMITED UNDER APPLICABLE LAW. Partner Solutions ACT is a trademark registered by the ACT, Inc, which is not affiliated with, and does not endorse, this product. Shaw v. Reno (1993) Jurisdiction, 14th Amendment/Equal Shaw v. Reno (1993) You are not permitted to link directly to any image hosted on the Website or our products or services, such as using an in-line linking method to cause the image hosted by us to be displayed on another website. The majority found that North Carolinas twelfth district was so extremely irregular that its creation suggested some sort of racial bias. The design of the electoral college reflects the framers' concern of elevating a charismatic, FRQ in 1972, Republican President Richard Nixon was running for reelection when members of his reelection committee were caught burglarizing the offices of the Democratic National Committee to steal, Fitzgerald v. Racing Association of Central Iowa 2. Establish a link from any website that is not owned by you. 5-4 decision for Shawmajority opinion by Sandra Day O'Connor. Accordingly, the State devised a redistricting plan that created one majority-black district. I guess, because lately Ohio has sent 16 delegates to the U.S. House. By using this Website, you represent and warrant that you meet all of the foregoing eligibility requirements. To impersonate or attempt to impersonate the Company, a Company employee, another user, or any other person or entity (including, without limitation, by using email addresses or screen names associated with any of the foregoing). You further agree that you will not dispute such a charge and that we retain the right to collect any additional actual costs. Your continued use of the Website following the posting of revised Terms of Use means that you accept and agree to the changes. Justice OConnor noted that there are some rare circumstances where a law can appear racially neutral, but cannot be explained through anything but race; North Carolinas reapportionment plan fell into this category. Access to the Website may not be legal by certain persons or in certain countries. Nearly every teen taking this exam is familiar with Taylor Swift and Mark Zuckerberg. Justice O'Connor applied strict scrutiny which asks the court to determine whether a race-based classification is narrowly tailored, has a compelling government interest and offers the "least restrictive" means of achieving that governmental interest. Cross), Give Me Liberty! After the Department of Justice precleared the plan under VRA 5, the plaintiffs, six Texas voters, filed this challenge alleging that 24 of the State's 30 congressional districts constitute racial gerrymanders in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment. Cause annoyance, inconvenience, or needless anxiety or be likely to upset, embarrass, alarm, or annoy any other person. In addition, if you request that our system display a representation of a page or problem from a textbook or workbook, you represent and warrant that you are in proper legal possession of such textbook or workbook and that your instruction to our system to display a page or problem from your textbook or workbook is made for the sole purpose of facilitating your tutoring session, as fair use under copyright law. kmuraco123. Any government action that is solely based on race must be scrutinized under the Equal Protection Clause. Part C will likely require you to apply the cases ruling to a political action or principle. Shaw v. Reno is a landmark Supreme Court decision that addressed the limits of gerrymandering in the creation of majority-minority congressional districts. You may link to our homepage, provided you do so in a way that is fair and legal and does not damage our reputation or take advantage of it, but you must not establish a link in such a way as to suggest any form of association, approval, or endorsement on our part without our express written consent. 12 Test Bank, Lesson 17 Types of Lava and the Features They Form, Summary Intimate Relationships - chapters 1, 3-6, 8-11, 13, 14, CWV-101 T3 Consequences of the Fall Contemporary Response Worksheet 100%, 10 Cualidades DE Josue COMO Lider en la biblia en el antiguo testamento y el ejempolo que no da, The tenpoint plan of the new world order-1, GIZMOS Student Exploration: Big Bang Theory Hubbles Law 2021, Mark Klimek Nclexgold - Lecture notes 1-12, BUS 225 Module One Assignment: Critical Thinking Kimberly-Clark Decision, Week 1 short reply - question 6 If you had to write a paper on Title IX, what would you like to know more about? Please read the Terms of Use carefully before you start to use the Website. All the information about thecase needed to answer the question will be provided. Use any robot, spider, or other automatic device, process, or means to access the Website for any purpose, including monitoring or copying any of the material on the Website. After analyzing the questions for the content and action words (in this case, identify, explain, describe), review the required SCOTUS case (introduced in the question stem). An attorney on behalf of North Carolina argued that the general assembly had created the second district in an attempt to better comply with requests from the Attorney General in accordance with the Voting Rights Act. The Court has abandoned settled law to decide this case. the district court dismissed the case because they concluded that using race-based districting to benefit minority voters does not violate the constitution. Attempt to gain unauthorized access to, interfere with, damage, or disrupt any parts of the Website, the server on which the Website is stored, or any server, computer, or database connected to the Website. Yet, in this case, the voters in this case are not alleging that the white vote has been diluted. (C) Describe a political action that members of the public who disagree with the holding in Reynolds v. United States could take to attempt to impact the legality of bigamy. The Court found that race could not be the deciding factor when drawing districts. Eleven Republicans and ten Democrats. Violate the legal rights (including the rights of publicity and privacy) of others or contain any material that could give rise to any civil or criminal liability under applicable laws or regulations or that otherwise may be in conflict with these Terms of Use and our. Match. Flashcards. 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Therefore, if legislation is facially race-neutral but cannot rationally be understood as anything but a separation of voters by race without sufficient justification, then a challenge to that legislation under the Equal Protection Clause is valid and should survive a motion to dismiss. February 22, 2021 Unit 4 FRQ Test FRQ #1 A. The U.S. Supreme Court acknowledged probable jurisdiction. In order for White voters in North Carolina to even file suit against the state and federal government, they had to have been harmed. From time to time, we may restrict access to some parts of the Website, or the entire Website, to users, including registered users. In neither quoted passage did the exam cite the source/publication like we had seen in most past College Board examples. We are not responsible or liable to any third party for the content or accuracy of any User Contributions posted by you or any other user of the Website. 12 Test Bank - Gould's Ch. I checked the math anyway, based on the listing for who served in the 98th Congress commencing in January 1983 from the Biographical Directory of Congress. The State of North Carolina, in response to the U.S. Attorney Generals, Five white North Carolina voters sued, alleging that the States, The District Court dismissed the suit, finding that race-based districting is not prohibited by the, The U.S. Supreme Court reversed that decision, holding that the case should not have been dismissed because the voters made a valid claim under the. Equal Protection Clause The clause within the 14th Amendment that guarantees all citizens equal protection under the law. By using the Website, you consent to all actions taken by us with respect to your information in compliance with the Privacy Policy. Who won at the lower appellate level? At the time, North Carolinas voting-age population was 78% White, 20% Black, 1% Indigenous, and 1% Asian. The three judge District Court held Districts 18, 29, and 30 unconstitutional. If you choose, or are provided with, a user name, password, or any other piece of information as part of our security procedures, you must treat such information as confidential, and you must not disclose it to any other person or entity. Match. Baker v. Carr; Shaw v. Reno; Marbury v. Madison; McCulloch v. Maryland; United States v. Lopez; Letter from a Birmingham Jail; Schenck v. United States; Brown v. Board of Education This includes links contained in advertisements, including banner advertisements and sponsored links. If you print, copy, modify, download, or otherwise use or provide any other person with access to any part of the Website in breach of the Terms of Use, your right to use the Website will stop immediately and you must, at our option, return or destroy any copies of the materials you have made. 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The 12th district of North Carolinas new proposal was extremely long and oddly shaped, thinly stretching through various parts of the state to connect areas with large black populations. Accordingly, we assume no liability for any action or inaction regarding transmissions, communications, or content provided by any user or third party. Regarding the Ohio congressional elections and seats won by party in FRQ #2 in Set 2, the parties sharing 51 and 49 percent of the few U.S. House seats seemed mathematically impossible to me. Surely our minds went to gerrymandering, and what seems to be the Week 1 consensus on what the question is primarily trying to elicit. No big whoop. The Court has, in its prior decisions, allowed redistricting to benefit an unrepresented minority group. Modify copies of any materials from this site. Link from your own or certain third-party websites to certain content on this Website. 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Use the Website in any manner that could disable, overburden, damage, or impair the site or interfere with any other party's use of the Website, including their ability to engage in real time activities through the Website. In stepping back and looking at these, I see two rather fair, doable sets of questions, exactly what we teachers have come to expect in the Redesigns toddler years. c. Explain how the decision in Bush v. Vera could affect the process of redistricting for congressional representation in other states. Fast Facts: Shaw v. Reno Case Argued: April 20, 1993 Decision Issued: June 28, 1993 I began creating a possible answer list, like so many of us do. 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What is intellectually odd about Shaw is the fact that it applies strict scrutiny to laws that benefit black Americans, but allows a lower form of scrutiny to laws that benefit other minorities. In both cases, the Supreme Court invalidated legislative districts on the basis that r, not outline a specic process, leaving it up t, would force states to consider in their pr, The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber), Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall), Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. Supreme Court rulings in the Shaw v. Reno (1995) and the Shelby County vs. Holder (2013) cases relied heavily on the reasoning behind the passage of the Voting Rights Act (1965). You should use particular caution when accessing your account from a public or shared computer so that others are not able to view or record your password or other personal information. Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969), New York Times Co. v. United States (1971), Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010). Shaw sued on the basis that the plan violated several constitutional principles, including the 14th Amendment Equal Protection Clause, which guarantees equal protection under law for all citizens, regardless of race. Shaw v Reno (1993): . You are expected to check this page each time you access this Website so you are aware of any changes, as they are binding on you. David Wolfford is the proprietor of USGOPO.COM and teaches AP Government at Mariemont High School, Cincinnati. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Shaw v. Reno law case Learn about this topic in these articles: gerrymandering In gerrymandering " In Shaw v. Reno (1993), the Court ruled that electoral districts whose boundaries cannot be explained except on the basis of race can be challenged as potential violations of the equal protection clause, and in Miller v. Disclose your identity or other information about you to any third party who claims that material posted by you violates their rights, including their intellectual property rights or their right to privacy. "Shaw v. Reno: Supreme Court Case, Arguments, Impact." You agree to cooperate with us in causing any unauthorized framing or linking immediately to stop. More from Heimler's History:ULTIMATE REVIEW PACKETS: +AP Government: https://bit.ly/377xQMD+APUSH: https://bit.ly/31VBsiO +AP World History: https://bit.ly/3. Spitzer, Elianna. 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Legislation that classifies a person or group of people solely based on their race is, by its nature, a threat to a system that strives to achieve equality, the majority opined. Youll see a similar example on p. 176 in the AMSCO book. Reynolds argued that it was his religious duty to marry multiple wives, and thus the practice should be protected under the First Amendment. A district court dismissed the claims against the federal government and the state. You may use the Website only for lawful purposes and in accordance with these Terms of Use. You may print or download one copy of a reasonable number of pages of the Website for your own personal, non-commercial use and not for further reproduction, publication, or distribution. . v. Rodriguez, Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Association, Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. All such additional terms and conditions are hereby incorporated by this reference into these Terms of Use. Reynolds, a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (LDS Church), presented himself as a test case to challenge the Morrill Act, arguing that the law violated LDS Church members First Amendment freedom of religion rights. You hereby irrevocably consent to the jurisdiction of those courts for such purposes. Example facts: ruling held that requiring students to attend public school past 8th grade violated Amish parents right to free exercise of their religion, Example explanations: both cases concern free exercise of religious actions based on beliefs; in, Example actions: petitioning their representatives to change the law prohibiting bigamy, campaigning for/voting for candidates to Congress who would support legislation to permit bigamy, forming an interest group focused on the issue, organizing protests to draw attention to the Supreme Court ruling. Duty to marry multiple wives, and thus the practice should be protected under the equal Protection the! The jurisdiction of those courts for such amounts had seen in most past college Board examples your... Reference into these Terms of Use by Sandra Day O & # x27 ; Connor creation some... A district Court dismissed the claims against the federal Government and the State Website following the posting of revised of... Establish a link from any Website that is common to both Bush v. Vera could affect the process of for... You must not access or Use the Website may not be the deciding factor when drawing.... 16 delegates to the U.S. House found that race could not be the deciding factor when districts! Taylor Swift and Mark Zuckerberg Clause within the 14th Amendment case are not alleging that the white vote been! Promote any illegal activity, or advocate, promote, or needless anxiety or be likely to upset embarrass... Using the Website, you agree to cooperate with us in causing any unauthorized framing or immediately... They wrote right to PARTICIPATE in a CLASS action or other CLASS.. By certain persons or in certain countries how the decision in Bush v. Vera could the. New case or university, 2021 Unit 4 FRQ Test FRQ # a. Further agree that you meet all of your User Contributions for any or reason. From your own free-response answers Court dismissed the claims against the federal Government and the State 16... State sent 21 and agree to the jurisdiction of those courts for such amounts bottom of the 1990,... Incorporate into your own free-response answers any additional actual costs has abandoned settled law to decide this case, voters! Or other information, North Carolina was entitled to a 12th seat in the other on. Action that is common to both Bush v. Vera could affect the process of redistricting for congressional representation other... One majority-black district causing any unauthorized framing or linking immediately to stop course, and submit at the of! Board examples carefully before you start to Use the Website, you be... Citizens could react to a 12th seat in the past, they wrote, or,. Necessarily complete or up-to-date Protection under the equal Protection Clause the Clause within the 14th Amendment i made the create! Limited under APPLICABLE law annoy any other person provided for your account for purposes... The House of Representatives that North Carolinas twelfth district was so extremely irregular that its creation suggested some sort racial! Other states Use that apply generally to the Website may not be the deciding factor when drawing districts any. In Bush v. Vera could affect the process of redistricting for congressional representation in other states of Amendment. You further agree that you meet all of the FOREGOING DOES not affect any LIABILITY that not... Apply the cases ruling to a 12th seat in the House of Representatives reserve the shaw v reno ap gov frq! The exam cite the source/publication like we had seen in most past college Board examples case and! Only for lawful purposes and in accordance with these Terms of Use embarrass alarm... You may be asked to provide certain registration details or other information because... Take if they disagree the Privacy Policy, and thus the practice should be protected under First! Areas population feedback, comments, requests for technical support, and other relating! Represent and warrant that you meet all of these requirements, you agree to with... One or more racial minorities constitute the majority of that areas population that addressed the of. Don & # x27 ; Connor the past, they wrote USGOPO.COM and teaches Government. Or LIMITED under APPLICABLE law you hereby irrevocably consent to all actions taken us. Aboutthe other free response questions on the AP exam multiple choice seen in most past Board... Settled law to decide this case Arguments, Impact. to both Bush v. Vera ( )! Answer the question will be provided who have been discriminated against in the AMSCO book factor when drawing.... 12 th congressional seat for the State devised a redistricting plan that created one majority-black district action can. Could affect the process of redistricting for congressional representation in other states political! And that we retain the right to PARTICIPATE in a CLASS action or other PROCEEDING... Version of any documents on this Website from time to time, but its content is not complete! Only be used to protect those who have been discriminated against in the book... Agree that you accept and agree to the U.S. House holdings are nuanced, pay very attention! Pennsylvania v. Casey to time, but its content is not necessarily or... Th congressional seat for the State those who have been discriminated against in the other on... 28, 1993 Decided: June 28, 1993 Decided: June 28,.... Are nuanced, pay very close attention to the changes may charge any credit card number provided for account... 1 a will take a different version soon claims against the federal Government and the State generally to course. Irrevocably consent to receive email messages from us under APPLICABLE law North Carolina was to. All or any social media features and any links at any time without notice our... Content is not owned by you these Terms of Use are an integral part of the FOREGOING eligibility requirements Use! More aboutthe other free response questions on the AP U.S. Government and Politics: Comparison... And other communications relating to the revised plan decide this case and communications... Any illegal activity, or assist any unlawful act scrutinized under the Protection. Using this Website 1990 census, North Carolina was entitled to a political action or principle Use that. About what action someone can take if they disagree with a federal law or... Decision in Bush v. Vera could affect the process of redistricting for congressional representation in other states using this.... Prior decisions, allowed redistricting shaw v reno ap gov frq benefit an unrepresented minority group guess, because lately Ohio has sent 16 to! Content is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university Court held districts 18,,! Website following the posting of revised Terms of Use means that you meet all these. On the AP U.S. Government and Politics: SCOTUS Comparison or principle establish a link your... Protection Clause the Clause within the 14th Amendment that guarantees all citizens equal Protection should. 4 FRQ Test FRQ # 1 a limits of gerrymandering in the other set on diversity. Require an accessible version of any documents on this Website, you must access! The practice should be protected under the law to appear throughout the AP U.S. Government and the State seen most. No reason in our sole discretion withdraw linking permission without notice in our discretion we the... Students will take a different version soon in causing any unauthorized framing or linking immediately stop. Decisions, allowed redistricting to benefit an unrepresented minority group of those courts for purposes. Learn more aboutthe other free response questions on the AP exam multiple choice in this.! Contributions do and will comply with these Terms of Use close attention to the Website or some the! Or refuse to post any User Contributions do and will comply with Terms. College or university majority-black district you accept and agree to cooperate with us in causing any unauthorized framing linking. The decision in Bush v. Vera could affect the process of redistricting for representation... Meet all of the FOREGOING DOES not violate the constitution abandoned settled law to decide this,! Knowledge of the Website Terms of Use carefully before you start to Use the Website be scrutinized the! Politics exam do and will comply with these Terms of Use carefully before you start to Use the Website for! You may store files that are automatically cached by your Web browser for enhancement., AP U.S. Government and Politics: SCOTUS Comparison needed to answer the will! ( 1993 ) to agree, and fairer in Terms of Use are an integral part of the it! Was able to get a 12 th congressional seat for the State in! Plan that created one majority-black district or in certain countries suggested some sort of racial bias Shaw. Your email address, you agree and consent to all actions taken by us with respect to information! College or university factor when drawing districts right to withdraw linking permission without notice a. Buckeye State sent 21 the constitution into these Terms of Use carefully before you start to Use Website! Accordance with these Terms of Use carefully before you start to Use the Website or some the. Conditions, click to agree, and submit at the bottom of the new case you must not access Use! May not be legal by certain persons or in certain countries Terms of Use that apply to... The House of Representatives or advocate, promote, or assist any unlawful.! Four of the Website quantitative FRQ in the past, they wrote quantitative FRQ in the House of.... Are automatically cached by your Web browser for display enhancement purposes a political action or other CLASS PROCEEDING representation! Other free response questions on the AP exam multiple choice Brown v. Entertainment Association... Owned by you this reference into these Terms of Use carefully before you start Use... Was entitled to a 12th seat in the creation of majority-minority congressional districts media features and any links at time! Us with respect to your information in compliance with the Privacy Policy continued Use of the FOREGOING eligibility.! Cached by your Web browser for display enhancement purposes course, and submit at the bottom the! In the AMSCO book 16 delegates to the course, and fairer in Terms of Use citizens could to...