Dr. Earl L. Butz, educator, administrator, and government official was born on July 3, 1909 to Harmon Lee Butz and Ada Tillie Lower in Albion, Indiana. 0000012251 00000 n It was also epochal. 0000014845 00000 n In 1972, the U.S. and the U.S.S.R were deep in the middle of the Cold War, but that did not stop the daily business of trade . [citation needed] His mantra to farmers was "get big or get out",[7][8] and he urged farmers to plant commodity crops such as corn "from fencerow to fencerow". 0000055231 00000 n Jesse Jackson learned the latter lesson in 1984 when a black reporter for the Washington Post passed along to another reporter the news that hed heard Jackson refer to Jews in private as Hymie, and refer to New York City as Hymietown.. 0000008682 00000 n And so he got caught in a paradigm shift. (For a blunt account of the farm-crisis period, see Osha Gray Davidsons 1996 classic Broken Heartland: The Rise of Americas Rural Ghetto.). What policy did he promote in 1973? In order to plant fence row to fence row, farmers tore out shelter belts and other conservation land uses. 0000065712 00000 n Earl Butz I made lots of talks and challenged lots of people. 10.How . . In a 1973 speech, he accused the housewives of America of having a low level of economic intelligence, and in his office he kept a sculpture of two copulating elephants that he delighted in showing off to visitors. But Jimmy Carter repeatedly says that one of his first acts as President would be to replace Butz, and Carter's first big boost came in the January caucuses in Iowa. Then, in the 1980s, the bubble burst. Your support keeps our unbiased, nonprofit news free. 0000063406 00000 n 0000062082 00000 n 0000046462 00000 n [25] In this debate he defended what he saw as the achievements of an industrial agriculture that was replacing the longstanding structure of small family farms and rural communities. Butz, an agriculture expert, had a radical plan that would transform the food we eat, and in doing so, the shape of the human race. 0000040653 00000 n Butz died in his sleep on February 2, 2008, in Kensington, Maryland. 0000009335 00000 n 0000057015 00000 n 0000064816 00000 n 1. [28], Butz continued to serve on corporate boards and speak on agricultural policy. To preserve these articles as they originally appeared, The Times does not alter, edit or update them. The Butz farm policy is one that involves risk. He thinks using grain in foreign policy is really a fun game, one department official said of Kissinger. 0000009377 00000 n It was 50 years ago that Butz, as a teenage boy, guided a horsedrawn plow over the fields of northern Indiana. 0000000016 00000 n 0000068003 00000 n Butz's critics also noted that he was a director of three large agribusiness corporations. Butz was born in Albion, Indiana, and brought up on a dairy farm in Noble County, Indiana. From the Associated Press. Though he looks like a Depressionera banker foreclosing the mortgage on an impoverished farmer, though he speaks in blunt, sharp tones and phrases that infuriate his critics and delight his supporters, it is more his policies than his style that generate the heat, These policies, he maintains, are aimed essentially at transforming American agriculture from its longlamented position of dependence on government to a new healthy reliance on the world's free food market, and they have two principal new tenets for American farmers: (1) produce more (2) sell abroad. In the summer of 1972, the Soviets shook up the grain market when it hid from the world the fact that their grain harvest was in trouble. The man was a creep. In terms of 2009 dollars, corn reached the equivalent of over $15 in 1973.Overall farm income jumped along with grain prices, from $2.3 billion in 1972 to $19.6 billion in 73. Policy makes politics. 0000029778 00000 n But by regulating supply and demand, reduction efforts restored the prices of agricultural commodities to those of the early twentieth century. Instagram, Follow us on The United States now has commitments to supply about 25 million tons a year to the Soviet Union, Poland, Rumania, Japan and Israel. Butz should be praying for drought right now, says one observer. 13Three years later, as grain prices dropped to an all-time low, the Federal Farm Board declared, its efforts to stem the disastrous decline of farm prices had failed, and called for legislation to provide an effective system for regulating acreage or quantities sold, or both, ending the American tradition of agricultural expansion. 0000055617 00000 n Eating for Strength . In, Pollan, Michael. 0000054470 00000 n document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Industrial agriculture lost one of its greatest champions last week: Earl Rusty Butz, secretary of the USDA under Nixon. 0000070684 00000 n I got a royal welcomenot because I was Secretary of Agriculture. US Presidential Cabinet Member. 0000066397 00000 n In 1948, Butz became vice president of the American Agricultural Economics Association, and three years later was named to the same post at the American Society of Farm Managers and Rural Appraisers.In 1954, he was appointed Assistant Secretary of Agriculture by President Dwight D. Eisenhower.That same year, he was also named chairman of the United States delegation to the Food and Agriculture . But, if you hit the button that adjusts prices for inflation, there is was a huge spike in corn prices after the Russian grain purchase. As the supply of grain dried up and U.S. stockpiles were depleted, Butz advocated increasing production. Earl Butz has restored grain farmers pride in proving their enormous productive potential, and they love him. Many were dismayed the government paid farmers not to plant and even destroy crops while much of the country struggled to purchase food and waited in line at soup kitchens. Butz said to be furious, but took no steps to stop such shifting. It defined settlement patterns, characterized Americas role in the global market, and navigated the country in and out of economic turmoil. 0000010104 00000 n Anyone can read what you share. 0000044805 00000 n His policies encouraged farmers to plant as much corn and other commodities as they could, o View the full answer Transcribed image text: Briefly explain the relationship of Earl Butz's food policy from 1973 to the meat that we eat today. Valuating is itself the value and jewel of all valued things. 24 Since subsidized crops are less expensive, and therefore more sought after, farmers who grew subsidized crops saw the most success, while those who did not fell behind. American Agricultural Economics Association, American Society of Farm Managers and Rural Appraisers, American government official Earl Butz dies at age 98, "A reflection on the lasting legacy of 1970s USDA Secretary Earl Butz", "Former Purdue Agriculture Dean Earl Butz dead at 98", "Earl L. Butz, Secretary Felled by Racial Remark, Is Dead at 98", "Rolling Stone's Biggest Scoops, Exposs and Controversies, #7: Earl Butz Mouths Off", "Tight Pussy, Loose Shoes, and a Warm Place to Shit: The Song Parody that Transcendeth All", "Butz donates $1 million to Purdue ag econ department", "Hard work, insight enabled Butz to become agricultural leader", "Wendell Berry vs. Earl Butz debate 1977", "Federal Eye - Spotted: Oldest Living Ex-Cabinet Secretary Releases Book", "Gerald R. Ford Administration Alumni | The Gerald Ford Presidential Foundation", "Meeting King Corn: Earl Butz was a product of his time" 2/19/2008, "The Butz Stops Here: A reflection on the lasting legacy of 1970s USDA Secretary Earl Butz" 2/7/2008, Agri-Pulse article "Memories of Agriculture Secretary Earl Butz" 2/10/2008, High Plains/Midwest Ag Journal article: "Memories of Agriculture Secretary Earl Butz" 2/14/2008, Farm Futures article: "A Special Tribute to Earl Butz" 2/4/2008, Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, Director of the Office of Management and Budget, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Earl_Butz&oldid=1136081838, Purdue University College of Agriculture alumni, United States Department of Agriculture officials, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 28 January 2023, at 17:21. These policies benefited the burgeoning. 0000067244 00000 n While most agricultural policy is distinguished by financial assistance to farmers, it has undergone dramatic changes due to shifting demographics, the rise and fall of slavery, international grain trade, and war. 0000008170 00000 n 0000068205 00000 n 0000008094 00000 n Livestock producers, however, were caught in price squeeze as feed prices jumped. Before this incident, it was not at all unusual for respectable white people to tell and laugh at jokes that portrayed black men as lazy, shiftless, and priapic. With his closely cropped gray hair and self-assured drawl, Earl Butz was the spitting image of a Southern patrician. 0000051487 00000 n 0000040918 00000 n ' , See the article in its original context from. The program went from limited and controlled by the government to expansion, so more food could be produced. Exports sustained high grain prices, leading the United States Department of Agriculture to describe the years between 1910 and 1914 as the golden age of farming. There was some question whether or not Butz realized that the Soviets were buying up one quarter of the entire U.S. wheat crop, but he did nothing to stop the sale despite the fact that it eventually raised food prices. Butz had a similar view, "Get big or get out." Butz believed farm consolidation was inevitable. We think alike. The events that really led to Butz's predominance in the United States Government's internationalagriculture decisions began early last summer when it became clear the Russians would need grain. Later farm bills saw adjustments, but the Great Depression and brief scare in the 1930s asserted that the livelihood of farmers, and the American people, was too closely tied to supply controls to lift them. Throughout the Grain Belt, abandoned farmhouses were burned to the ground, cleared, and incorporated into ever-larger corn and soy fields. 0000061181 00000 n 0000045725 00000 n It gives farmers access to consistent income. [14][15] Coincidentally, Butz' resignation was announced on Barbara Walters' first day as the first female co-anchor of the ABC Evening News. 26 206 [4] He was the uncle of American football player Dave Butz. A publication of Hillsdale College Over 6,200,000 Readers Recent Posts 0000068736 00000 n 0000046066 00000 n A partial bibliography of sources is here. 0000047891 00000 n why was it used? 3By the end of the nineteenth century, agricultural policy contributed to the settlement of 80 million acres of farmland. Butz fanned their frenzy. The act granted settlers one hundred and sixty acres of land, which they would own outright on the condition of improvement after five years of homesteading, or could purchase at a low cost after six months. 28 0 obj<>stream The subsidy system might have had its problems, but the system really went off the rails with the advent of Earl Butz as Secretary of Agriculture under both President Richard Nixon and President Gerald Ford. Butz's bill was promptly ignored by Congress, which is now drafting a more thorough reform measure. While somewhat dated, this work is unique in that it comes from the source. They werent a secret at the time of Butzs firing; Time magazine reported them, albeit with some dashes substituting for letters in the dirtiest words, in full. With the grain reserve hollowed out and the drought impeding the 1973 harvest, grain prices jumped and farmers scrambled to plant as much as they could to take advantage. 0000055445 00000 n But if youd like to know precisely what those two jokes were, youre out of luck. You Are What You Grow.. 0000049017 00000 n As it turned out, nearly all the corn was bought by giants of the trade. That same year, he was also named chairman of the United States delegation to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 0000057234 00000 n ), The feisty Earl Butz is now being drawn into Presidentialcampaign warfate as he was in 1972, when ??? document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); A nonprofit, independent media organization dedicated to telling stories of climate solutions and a just future. Earl Lauer Butz was born near Albion, Indiana, on July 3, 1909. Harvest failures came repeatedly and were usually severe. Congressional investigators established that, in the massive 1972 grain sales to Russia, the Agriculture Department did not inform farmers about the pending sales and permitted the few large grain exporters handling the sales secretly to buy up huge supplies in the commodity markets at favorable prices. On the one hand, the high production can lead to big surpluses and big drops in farm prices. They include the discovery of inorganic chemical inputs, mechanization, specialization . An agricultural hot line to Washington was established by the Agriculture Council of America, and thousands of calls poured in to farm leaders and Congressmen manning the phones. We need to reject the "go big or go . [citation needed]. 1976-1977. In 1971, President Richard Nixon appointed him the 18th US. That was true in the Soviet Union, as well. Yet his legacy still thrives, and will not likely die as gently as the man. Congress offered nominal amounts of money to some Native Americans inhabiting land relinquished during expansion efforts that included the Land Ordinance of 1785, but sales were involuntary. 0000043106 00000 n His policies favored large-scale corporate farming and an end to New Deal programs. He rejected criticism that these ties might compromise his performance as USDA chief. 0000042578 00000 n 0000043291 00000 n A mere five years earlier, Nixon himself had been recorded in the Oval Office telling Donald Rumsfeld, Most of them, basically, are just out of the trees. It's like naming someone from Gulf Oil to be consumer representative at the Federal Energy Administration., This March, an independent group of scientists who operate the Center for Science in the Public Interest named Butz to its Terrible Ten list of persons and institutions that favor unwise food policies saying that the Department of Agriculture has changed beefgrading guidelines in a way that gyps the consumer, has liquidated the pricestabilizing grain reserves and has sought to undercut the foodstamp, schoollunch and other Federal food assistance programs., George McGovern says that although Butz is often referred to as the greatest Secretary of Agriculture, he isn't even in the same league with Henry Agard Wallace, who conceived of and administered many of the innovative programs designed to lift farmers out of the Depression of the 1930's: Wallace had a dimension that Butz can't even comprehend the concept of food as a humanitarian instrument. Earl Butz While he was president, it was popular to be a Nixon hater. In King Corn, Butz argued that the corn subsidy had dramatically reduced the cost of food for all Americans by improving the efficiency of farming techniques. " Earl Butz 2. "His policies favored large-scale corporate farming" which has damaged the family farm to this day, and arguably "led directly to overproduction of corn and a subsequent rise of obesity in the United . He plunged a pitchfork into New Deal agricultural policies that sought to protect farmers from the big agribusiness companies whose interests he openly pushed. He is fond of the disparaging statement; he likes to question the political motives of those who disagree with him. At the time, Butz served as a board member for several agribiz firms, including Ralston Purina, then a sprawling food conglomerate. 0000009453 00000 n Republican Senators in Kansas and Oklahoma warned President Ford's political advisers that they had better do something to prevent losing traditional G.O.P. The Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973 (P.L. [19] The quotation was among the inspirations behind the comedy film Loose Shoes, particularly the sketch "Dark Town After Dark", made in 1977 but released in 1980. TimesMachine is an exclusive benefit for home delivery and digital subscribers. Farm income stayed high for most of the decade. Follow us on Earl Butz. The smarter ones were even learning, albeit more slowly, not to believe such things. Secretary of Agriculture. 0000056225 00000 n In 1971, President Richard Nixon appointed Butz as Secretary of Agriculture,[4] a position in which he continued to serve after Nixon resigned in 1974 as the result of the Watergate scandal. Butz . He started the development of corn production and large commercial farms in American diet. 0000069545 00000 n Nixons response culminated in the Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973, which Secretary of Agriculture Earl Butz called an historic turning point in the philosophy of farm programs in the United States. 22Better known as the 1973 farm bill, the act ceased to pay farmers to plant their land in accordance to supply and demand, and began subsidizing crops by the bushel to reward production. Butz pushed farmers into a new, industrial scale of. [3], Butz was an alumnus of Purdue University, where he was a member of Alpha Gamma Rho fraternity. It's three things: first, a tight pussy; second, loose shoes; and third, a warm place to shit. D. in agricultural economics (1937) from Purdue University. Earl Butz, who served as Secretary of Agriculture under presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford, is widely regarded as a pioneer in modern American corn policy because he emphasized selling . This is a digitized version of an article from The Timess print archive, before the start of online publication in 1996. 0000042932 00000 n This program had unsuccessfully attempted to prevent a national oversupply of corn and low corn prices. 0000064144 00000 n Instagram, Follow us on The Agricultural Credits Act of 1923, which The Quarterly Journal of Economics reported would save farms through long term loans available on farm mortgages andshort term credits available through banks, provided limited financial relief, but did not reduce surpluses. You are the most productive part of America! Your support keeps our unbiased, nonprofit news free. Dr. Butz graduated from Purdue University with a B.S. Millions of hogs, cattle and chicken were sold for slaughter as producers reduced their inventories. this enabled the farm kids to do what? All rights reserved. His only real friends are the big farmers, and, if this summer's expected bumper crop on the Great Plains affects their income as some anticipate, he may soon lose them, too. He was named to succeed Clifford Hardin, a quiet universitychancellor type who lacked the fighting style Nixon thought he needed in the 1972 election campaign. He took off the restriction that farms had stating what they could and could not produce . 0000062275 00000 n Assuming the readers interpretation is correct, Butzs pope jibe was at the very least a much nastier and more personal insult than I realized.]. Butz has passed on, but fence-row-to-fence-row agriculture and its vast environmental footprint lives. He replaced Palmby with Carroll Brunthaver, a former official of Cook Industries, another leading grain firm. https://www.nytimes.com/1976/06/13/archives/why-they-love-earl-butz-prosperous-farmers-see-him-as-the-greatest.html. Finally, when some of the grain giants could not get enough wheat on the open market at prices they wanted to pay, the Agriculture Department sold them millions of bushels from Government stocks. 0000041058 00000 n During his leadership from 1964 to 1982, Premier Leonid Brezhnev made it official Soviet policy to maintain steady growth in the livestock industry. 0000070488 00000 n [4] They were married on December 22, 1937. He was also fined $10,000 and ordered to pay $61,183 in civil penalties. Yet the criticism that Butz favors big agribusiness continues unabated. To improve westward migration, President James Monroe passed the Land Act of 1820, lowering the price of land per acre, which facilitated the settlement of 3.5 million acres. S]?r@ He's the kind of man I love to work with Coming back on Air Force One from campaigning in Illinois, I was having dinner with the President, just the two of us, and he said, I appreciate what you're doing for me. I said, Look, I'm not doing this for you I'm doing this for America. The companies were allowed to defer payment for many months at no interest, and the Government stored the grain for them at no charge. Earl Butz has, in other words, clearly become the country's most controversial Agriculture Secretary since Ezra Taft Benson, and, after his recent behindthescenes struggle with Henry Kissinger, he has probably also emerged as the most powerful in history as well. It was obvious, however, that policy decisions in this area were being made at the State Department. Butz encouraged farm production and promoted exports of surpluses. The only newsroom focused on exploring solutions at the intersection of climate and justice. 0000046621 00000 n One Iowa land excavator told the Journal that farmers are trying to squeeze everything they can out of their land. Actress: Swedish Lessons in Love. 0000071753 00000 n But the decline of family farms and rural communities are not inevitabilities, and Earl Butz's vision for American agriculture does not have to be our fate. Robert Lewis of the Farmers Union and other farm leaders say the Secretary's recent role in the Presidential veto of higher price supports for dairy farmers raises new questions about his concern for small farmers, some of whom need Government help to stay on the land. The Soviets essentially bought up the U.S. grain reserve just as a widespread drought hit the Midwest. Until the 1920s, agricultural policy targeted territorial expansion, and as farms thrived, the relationship between rural and urban markets fostered the growth of American cities. 0000004416 00000 n A Cullman, Ala., contract grower whose attempt to organize poultry farmers was crushed by the processors (with some assistance, he charges, from the Agriculture Department) refers to his neighbors as the last slaves in America. Economic studies indicate that poultry farmers are kept in virtual bondage, forced into everincreasing debt as a condition for receiving each new contract from the processors, then working long days raising tens of thousands of companyowned chickens for pennies an hour. Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress, Minimum Tillage Changes Planters & Cultivators, Silent Spring & the Environmental Movement, Connections between Surface and Groundwater, Nebraska's Unique Natural Resource Districts, Insecticides DDT's Rise, Fall & Rise Again, The EPA, the Endangered Species Act & Pesticides, 14th Annual Tractor & Auto show & Summer Fair. Earl Butz, who was born 105 years ago today, was one of the worst US government officials ever.He was Secretary of Agriculture in the Cabinets of Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. I recognize that family-oriented news organizations like the AP and the Times do not publish words they know to be coarse and deeply insulting to particular ethnic groups, nationalities, and religions. support in the Midwest. 0000048818 00000 n 0000041553 00000 n 0000063920 00000 n After forty years of regulating production to balance demand, domestic and international circumstances compelled President Richard Nixon to rethink agricultural policy. The greatest source of unhappiness to Butz is the high percentage of the Agriculture Department taken up by food stamps school lunches, and other trition and social programs. The 20th Century Transformation of U.S. Agriculture and Farm Policy. United States Department of Agriculture. The need for reformation has revealed no agricultural policies are sustainable for indefinite periods of time. Despite helping to eradicate acute hunger and malnutrition, the bill devastated small farmers and contributed to decreasing the number of farms in America by 63%, effectively changing rural landscapes and economies. Butz tells farmers that consumers are mad at them because of high retail food prices. Without conceding the criticisms against him, Butz insists that his real contribution has been in restructuring American agriculture by extending its markets abroad. In the 1974 incident, the Times reported, Butz, using a mock Italian dialect, criticized on Pope Paul VIs opposition to using artificial birth control as a solution to world food problems. In the 1976 incident, the Times said, Butz made a remark in which he described blacks as coloreds who wanted only three things satisfying sex, loose shoes and a warm bathroom desires that Mr. Butz listed in obscene and scatological terms.. Within the food system, five major trends have enabled widespread industrialization. 0000045340 00000 n 0000049770 00000 n Earl Butz stayed on as Secretary of Agriculture after Nixon was impeached and engineered legislation sharply reducing federal subsidies for farmers. Describe that change. YouTube. . Keep up with history and join our newsletter. 0000057477 00000 n The success of expansion-based policy became increasingly evident in the early twentieth century as American agriculture supported global markets and wartime needs. 15, The long-term importance of price controls in farm policy became evident when the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 was temporarily revoked when the 1936 Supreme Court decision United States v. Butler ruled the act unconstitutional. New York: Harper & Row, 1979. 2027, 36 L.Ed.2d 912 (1973). Actually. 12The Agricultural Marketing Act of 1929, like the Agricultural Credits Act of 1923, sought to resolve low prices through the distribution of loans, but similarly failed to regulate supply and demand. 2. In 1948, Butz became vice president of the American Agricultural Economics Association, and three years later was named to the same post at the American Society of Farm Managers and Rural Appraisers. 0000065262 00000 n His policies favored large-scale corporate farming and an end to New Deal programs. Earl L. Butz, who orchestrated a major change in federal farm policy as secretary of agriculture in the 1970s but came to be remembered more for a vulgar racial comment that brought about his resignation during the 1976 presidential election race, died Saturday in Kensington, Md. Twitter, Follow us on 0000046815 00000 n The Dustbowl that ensued temporarily eradicated farming from Americas most fertile lands, threatening the countrys ability to provide. As part of our commitment to sustainability, in 2021 Grist moved its office headquarters to the Bullitt Center in Seattles vibrant Capitol Hill neighborhood. He then returned to Purdue and was dean of the School of Agriculture for the next 10 years.. Between 1971 and 1972, crop failure in the Soviet Union lead the country to purchase nearly 25% of Americas wheat. Scale of self-assured drawl, earl Butz has restored grain farmers pride in proving their enormous potential. The U.S. grain reserve just as a board member for several agribiz firms, including Ralston Purina, then sprawling! Promoted exports of surpluses graduated from Purdue University, where he was a of. July 3, 1909 farm income stayed high for most of the School of Agriculture for the next years! A widespread drought hit the Midwest widespread drought hit the Midwest a fun,. Drought right now, says one observer can out of luck United States delegation to the system! 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