trench protective systems include which of the followingtrench protective systems include which of the following

Type A soils are cohesive with an unconfined compressive strength of 1.5 tons per square foot or greater. OSHA began its investigation Dec. 23, 2004, in response to a trench cave-in at a worksite on York Blvd. Shielding does not protect against soil . Manufacturer's specifications, recommendations, and limitations, and manufacturer's approval to deviate from the specifications, recommendations, and limitations shall be in written form at the jobsite during construction of the protective system. Removal shall begin at, and progress from, the bottom of the excavation. What percent of the net monthly income goes to housing? Sloping involves cutting back the trench wall at an angle that is inclined away from the work area of the excavation. Maximum allowable slope means the steepest incline of an excavation face that is acceptable for the most favorable site conditions as protection against cave-ins, and is expressed as the ratio of horizontal distance to vertical rise (H:V). When installing a trench shield, the contractor should excavate a wider area than the necessary minimum. determine which protection method is the best to use at the site. The maximum allowable slope is 1:1 (45 degrees) for type B soil, and 3/4:1 (53 degrees) for type A soil. Distress is evidenced by such phenomena as the development of fissures in the face of or adjacent to an open excavation; the subsidence of the edge of an excavation; the slumping of material from the face or the bulging or heaving of material from the bottom of an excavation; the spalling of material from the face of an excavation; and ravelling, i.e., small amounts of material such as pebbles or little clumps of material suddenly separating from the face of an excavation and trickling or rolling down into the excavation. The trench was 20-25 feet deep and had been benched about one bucket-width (4 feet) on each side. Option 2: Sec. When Bob pulls on the right end with a 200 N force, he stretches the spring by 20 cm. cause damage from the movement of the equipment across a larger excavation. Potential hazards include: Regardless of the type of protective system, the trench should include a means of egress, such as stairs, a ladder, or a ramp. Sloping for Trench Safety Sloping involves cutting back the trench wall at an angle that is inclined away from the excavation. The sides of an excavation are dug to form horizontal levels or steps. OSHA standards mandate that all excavations 5 feet or deeper be protected against collapse. Actual slope. Always err on the side of caution. a. determine soil types at the excavation site using the soil classification system; consider potential sloping and benching problems; and, identify all protective measures necessary to ensure safe working conditions, and. The service requires full JavaScript support in order to view this website. means the accidental release or failure of a cross brace. Follow guidelines for benching, sloping and use of shoring/shielding equipment. (1) Soil classification. This seems to be more of a trend today. Shores of this type are generally used in a water system, as an assist to timber shoring systems, and in shallow trenches where face stability is required. Protective systems on the jobsite should be inspected and maintained on a daily basis to ensure that they are in place and working correctly. Excavations that would undermine sidewalks, pavements, and appurtenant structures are prohibited unless an appropriately designed support system or another effective method protects workers from the possible collapse of the structures. Click on the buttons below to see definitions and rule requirements. A shield, also known as a trench box, is another common protective system used by contractors. (a) Scope and application. 2. Where the working area of an excavation is constantly moving, as in laying a conduit, shield systems or trench boxes may be the more appropriate protective devices to use. means a method of protecting employees from cave-ins by excavating to form sides of an excavation that are inclined away from the excavation so as to prevent cave-ins. Maximum allowable slope. 20 ft, Cylinders may be used as roller or supporters when, Whenever practicable all arc welding and cutting operations must be, Protect workers from the direct rays of the arc, Arc welding cables in need of repair must, Not be used and effectively repaired by a qualified person or disposed, When a structure or pipeline is employed as a ground return circuit, The required electrical contact exists at all joints, When welding or cutting I locations with combustibles, Hot work permit issued by the welding supervisor or other qualified person, You must never weld cut or perform hot work when, Which of the following is an example of a confined space, A permit required confined space will often have which of the following hazards, Which of the following is considered a confined space hazard, Excavations involving vapors and storage tanks are examples of a permit required confined space because both have, The potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere, A permit does each of the following except, Which of the following is a reason why a confined space permit is required, An employer must ensure the following for entry into a permit space, Safe methods for entering and exiting the space, According to OSHA standards in subpart AA 1926 1204 when must a written permit space program be made, What is an employer required to do when a permit space is present at a worksite even though employees do not need to enter the space, Take steps to prevent employees from entering the space, Testing for the presence of oxygen is important for any confined space the concentration of oxygen in a confined space should be, For occupancy of a confined space when must hazard evaluation tests be conducted, Oxygen deficiency is defined as an atmosphere with less than, An inert has such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen is used to, Disconnecting or calling lines that may empty into the permit space, Controlling and removing potential hazardous substances or hazardous energy from entering confined space is control technique known as, Who is required to provide an entry permit for a permit required confined space, The two principal types of respirators are, To safely use air monitoring equipment in a confined space an operating must, Communications system equipment to be used in confined spaces may include which For type C soil, a sloping angle of 1 :1 is the maximum. The tabulated data shall be in written form and shall include all of the following: Identification of the parameters that affect the selection of a sloping or benching system drawn from such data; Identification of the limits of use of the data, to include the magnitude and configuration of slopes determined to be safe; Explanatory information as may be necessary to aid the user in making a correct selection of a protective system from the data. 1926.652(c) Design of support systems, shield systems, and other protective systems. Excavations shall be sloped at an angle not steeper than one and one-half horizontal to one vertical (34 degrees measured from the horizontal), unless the employer uses one of the other options listed below. Click on the buttons to see 1926.652(c) requirements, Appendix C and D requirements, and a video on sloping and shoring. document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Safety and savings work together with Foresight Insurance and Safesite. Four employees were in an excavation 32' long x 7' deep x 9' wide boring a hole under a road. The spreaders are interchangeable to match the width of the trench. If the number is prime, write prime. How far does Bob's end of the spring move? Note collapse of the benching. The following figures are a graphic summary of the requirements contained in subpart P for excavations 20 feet or less in depth. There are multiple types of shoring and shielding systems available and they can be used in all soil types. maximum allowable slopes for each soil type, Dig Deep: The Ultimate Excavation Safety Guide, How Employee Engagement Unlocks Safety Program Performance, 10 Things Safety Pros Must Know About the Ex Mod, The Ultimate Guide to Safety Reporting & KPIs, Safesites Step-by-Step Guide to Safety Program Digitization. How far does Carlos's end of the spring move? Protective system integrity. Type C soils are cohesive with an unconfined compressive strength of 0.5 tons per square foot or less, granular soils, submerged soil, submerged rock that is not stable, or material in a sloped, layered system where the layers dip into the excavation or with a slope of four horizontal to one vertical or steeper. Designs of sloping or benching systems shall be selected from and be in accordance with tabulated data, such as tables and charts. in Pearland. The angle required depends upon soil classification and water content. A safety and health program changes as an organization changes. The angle of incline required to prevent a cave-in varies with differences in such factors as the soil type, environmental conditions of exposure, and application of surcharge loads. 1926.652(b)(4) which requires the excavation to be designed by a registered professional engineer. Type C soil is the least stable type of soil . The maximum allowable slope for a soil or rock deposit shall be determined from Table B-1 of this appendix. Before temporary removal of individual members begins, additional precautions shall be taken to ensure the safety of employees, such as installing other structural members to carry the loads imposed on the support system. Stable rock is exempt from shoring requirements and therefore, no data are presented for this condition. There are four types of protective systems used for trench safety: sloping, shoring, shielding, and benching. Shielding protects workers by using trench boxes or other types of supports to prevent soil cave-ins. Workers must monitor activity going on around the area of excavation for hazards as well. Manufactured materials and equipment used for protective systems shall be used and maintained in a manner that is consistent with the recommendations of the manufacturer, and in a manner that will prevent employee exposure to hazards. Protective systems should be inspected and maintained on a daily basis, more often if conditions are constantly changing. Footnote(1) Numbers shown in parentheses next to maximum allowable slopes are angles expressed in degrees from the horizontal. Sloping, shoring, shielding, and benching help prevent the collapse of trenches and other excavated areas. Designs shall be in written form and shall include the following: A plan indicating the sizes, types, and configurations of the materials to be used in the protective system; and. With that said, whenever workers become too comfortable with a work method, there is an increased risk of complacency. means a method of protecting employees from cave-ins, from material that could fall or roll from an excavation face or into an excavation, or from the collapse of adjacent structures. Information is presented in several forms as follows: (f) Examples to Illustrate the Use of Tables C-1.1 through C-1.3. It is allowed only if a trench supports or shield is used. There are two basic types of benching: simple and multiple. (4)Configurations. Trench shields are usually constructed with sidewalls held apart by steel or aluminum spreaders. Screw Jack systems. Surcharge loads from adjacent structures shall be evaluated in accordance with 1926.651(i). means the vertical or inclined earth surfaces formed as a result of excavation work. Design of support systems, shield systems, or other protective systems that are drawn from manufacturer's tabulated data shall be in accordance with all specifications, recommendations, and limitations issued or made by the manufacturer. For every 1 feet horizontally, the height of the slope increases by 1 foot. Protective systems shall have the capacity to resist without failure all loads that are intended or could reasonably be expected to be applied or transmitted to the system. Sloping. (C) The identity of the registered professional engineer approving the design. Unsafe Spoil-Pile Placement. Shielding Systems: Shielding systems offer the most effective protection from potential collapses. The sum of three positive numbers is 33. 1926.652(b) Design of sloping and benching systems. 1926.652, Requirements for protective systems, MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE SLOPES (H:V)(1) FOR EXCAVATIONS LESS THAN 20 FEET DEEP(3), (i)Excavations are made entirely in stable rock; or. The type of protective system you will use depends on five factors: Soil is classified into four basic types: stable rock, Type A, Type B, and Type C. Stable rock is natural solid mineral matter that can be excavated with vertical sides and remain intact. Footnote(3) Sloping or benching for excavations greater than 20 feet deep shall be designed by a registered professional engineer. A trench box is a protective system designed to keep workers safe, not an active shoring meant to keep trench walls from collapsing. Members shall be released slowly so as to note any indication of possible failure of the remaining members of the structure or possible cave-in of the sides of the excavation. At least one copy of the tabulated data which identifies the registered professional engineer who approved the data, shall be maintained at the jobsite during construction of the protective system. See Requirements for Protection Systems" for detailed slope configurations. From there, analyze the site conditions to determine the type of system thats best. The actual slope shall not be steeper than the maximum allowable slope. Shielding does not protect against soil failures. The OSHA standard doesn't require a protective system when an excavation is _____. (iii) At least one copy of the design shall be maintained at the jobsite during construction of the protective system. Additionally, shields can be either premanufactured or job-built in accordance with 1926.652(c)(3) or (c)(4). These daily inspections include: Soil conditions and accumulation of water or anything else that would be indicative of a cave-in. There are four types of protective systems used for trench safety: sloping, shoring, shielding, and benching. means a person who is registered as a professional engineer in the state where the work is to be performed. Shielding protects workers if a cave-in occurs by preventing debris from falling on them. (iii) At least one copy of the tabulated data which identifies the registered professional engineer who approved the data, shall be maintained at the jobsite during construction of the protective system. OSHA standards mandate that all excavations _____ be protected against collapse. This provides a more comfortable working environment for your employees in the trench. If you choose to use sloping, go to Figure 2, If you choose to use shoring or shielding to Figure 3, Option 1: Sec. Unsafe Access/Egress. After that time the design need not be at the jobsite, but a copy shall be made available to the Secretary upon request. A cave-in occurred, fatally injuring one employee and causing serious facial injuries to the other. The left end of a spring is attached to a wall. b. Soft rock trench walls have been observed exploding and collapsing under the weight of the rock above.All rock formations have crack planes both vertical and horizontal. Short-term maximum allowable slopes for excavations greater than 12 feet (3.67 m) in depth shall be 3/4H:1V (53). (2) Maximum allowable slope. Each table presents the minimum sizes of timber members to use in a shoring system, and each table contains data only for the particular soil type in which the excavation or portion of the excavation is made. Other timber shoring configurations; other systems of support such as hydraulic and pneumatic systems; and other protective systems such as sloping, benching, shielding, and freezing systems must be designed in accordance with the requirements set forth in 1926.652(b) and 1926.652(c). (2) Information concerning the basis of the tabular data and the limitations of the data is presented in paragraph (d) of this appendix, and on the tables themselves. Please enable cookies on your browser and try again. (c) Presentation of Information. Under the OSHA 2226-10R 2015 Trenching and Excavation Safety standards, the competent person performs the following tasks to identify existing and predictable hazards: classify soil; inspect protective systems; design structural ramps; monitor water removal equipment; and, conduct site inspections. If a trench work site needs worker protection and active shoring, contractors should use a system that applies a load to the trench wall greater than the earthen load coming from the trench wall. If you are not using protective systems or equipment while working in trenches or excavations at your site, you are in danger of suffocating, inhaling toxic materials, fire, drowning, or being crushed by a cave-in. Read the material in each section to find the correct answer to each quiz question. However, a professional engineer, registered in any state is deemed to be a "registered professional engineer" within the meaning of this standard when approving designs for "manufactured protective systems" or "tabulated data" to be used in interstate commerce. Trench protective systems include which of the following: B. Sloping, benching, shoring, trench box B. Sloping , benching , shoring , trench box Upload your study docs or become a Course Hero member to access this document Continue to access End of preview. OSHA identifies three basic types of protective systems: shielding (devices designed to protect workers in the event of a collapse, such as trench boxes); shoring (bracing designed to prevent collapse, such as hydraulic shoring or slide-rail systems); and sloping or benching trench walls away from the trench bottom at mean the horizontal members of a shoring system installed perpendicular to the sides of the excavation, the ends of which bear against either uprights or wales, means any man-made cut, cavity, trench, or depression in an earth surface, formed by earth removal. See Appendix B on OSHA's website for detailed slope configurations. Management can use analytics to view safety trends by personnel, team, project, or organization. Please enable JavaScript on your browser and try again. After clicking the button, the questions you missed will be listed below. chlorinated hydrocarbons, PEL is an acronym for which of the following, SDS is an acronym fo which of the following, Welders helmets and respirators are examples of what type of controls, Oxygen cylinders in storage must be separated At the time of the collapse, a backhoe was still extracting soil from the trench. (i) Excavations shall be sloped at an angle not steeper than one and one-half horizontal to one vertical (34 degrees measured from the horizontal), unless the employer uses one of the other options listed below. After answering all the questions, click on the "Check Quiz Answers" button to grade your quiz and see your score. Temporary protective structures (e.g., shoring, trench boxes, pre-fabricated systems, hydraulic systems, engineering systems, etc.) When installing shoring be sure to always use engineered shoring materials for the cave in protection. With these requirements addressed, contractors can not only provide safe job sites but also enable personnel to be productive in delivering quality work on time and within budget. Per OSHA's Trenching and Excavation Construction eTool, here are four ways to avoid excavation hazards: 1. All the above. The width, depth and length will impact the size of the protective system you need. (4) Option (4)-Design by a registered professional engineer. In a group of 20 ballpoint pens on a shelf in the stationery department of Metro Department Store, 2 are known to be defective. Selecting Protective Systems. Given that E=0.52VE^{\circ}=0.52 \mathrm{~V}E=0.52V for the reduction Cu+(aq)+e\mathrm{Cu}^{+}(a q)+e^{-}Cu+(aq)+e Cu(s)\longrightarrow \mathrm{Cu}(s)Cu(s), calculate E,GE^{\circ}, \Delta G^{\circ}E,G, and KKK for the following reaction at 25C25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}25C : 2Cu+(aq)Cu2+(aq)+Cu(s)2 \mathrm{Cu}^{+}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Cu}^{2+}(a q)+\mathrm{Cu}(s) True. Members of support systems shall be securely connected together to prevent sliding, falling, kickouts, or other predictable failure. (i) Designs of support systems, shield systems, or other protective systems shall be selected from and be in accordance with tabulated data, such as tables and charts. means an inclined walking or working surface that is used to gain access to one point from another, and is constructed from earth or from structural materials such as steel or wood. This appendix must be used when design of the aluminum hydraulic protective system cannot be performed in accordance with Section 1541.1 (c) (2). Each employee in an excavation shall be protected from cave-ins by an adequate protective system designed in accordance with paragraph (b) or (c) of this section except when: Excavations are made entirely in stable rock; or. Trench box with ladder. Trench protective systems include which of the following. This training exercise has been reviewed by several labor, industry, OSHA and NIOSH representatives, and reflects their recommendations. 1926.652(b)(3) which requires Appendices A and B to be followed. In U.S. federal regulations, OSHA standards for excavations and backfilling are specifically found in Title 29 (Labor) Part 1926 (Safety and Health Regulations for Construction) Subpart P (Excavations), or 29 CFR 1926 subpart P. Surcharge loads from adjacent structures shall be evaluated in accordance with 1926.651(i). Hydraulic shoring should be checked at least once per shift for leaking hoses and/or cylinders, broken connections, cracked nipples, bent bases, and any other damaged or defective parts. 1. 2Cu+(aq)Cu2+(aq)+Cu(s), Hazard or mitigation controls may be short and/or long term, Hazard prevention and control should contain both, A safety and health program is called a living document why, A safety and health program changes as an organization changes, What should an incident investigation program include, I'm general accidents and incidents are caused by unsafe or hazardous conditions and, Unsafe or unhealthy actions and behaviors, Who should be on the team that evaluates a safety and health program, Who should be involved in communication and coordination of safety and health programs, Managers are considered what within an organization when it comes to safety and health, What is the ideal time for conducting witness interviews during an incident investigation, As promptly as possible since memories fade over time, Which of the following is an incident that should be investigated, Of the following who should be the best choice to write your organization safety and health program, You have been investigating an incident where a worker was struck in the head by a flying scrap of wood from a table saw which of the following corrective actions might be the most appropriate, Table saws must always have guards installed, Which of the following is a benefit for having a safety and health program, A company may need to bid on a contract that requires safety and health documentation, When should a formal hazard assessment or inspection be performed, Which of the following is a line role with regard to an organizations safety and health program, Implementing and maintaining the safety and health program, Which of the following statement are true about incidents, Nearly all workplace incidents are wholly preventable, Personal fall arrest hooks must be locking and, Designed to prevent opening and slipping off the connector, Personal fall arrest system connectors must be compatible and capable of supporting at least, If there are defects found during the inspection of personal fall protection equipment or if the equipment has been used in an arrest it must be, Three major components of personal fall arrest sustain anchor and the anchorage connector full body harness and, Horizontal lifelines shall be designed installed and used under the supervision of a what as part of a complete personal fall arrest system which maintains safety factor of at least two, Fall restraint systems must meet which of the following criteria, It is important to secure your ladder whenever feasible to, OSHA and ladder manufacturers require which of the following when ascending or descending, The three main types of portable ladders are, The 4:1 angle rule for extension ladders means which of the following, For every 4ft of the ladder it should be 1 for away from the wall, Protect yourself while working in a ladder by, Supported scaffold systems must be inspected for, Every supported scaffold and it's components must support without failure it's own weight and at least what the intended load, The guardrails on suspended scaffolds manufactured after the year 2000 must be how long with mid rails installed approximately halfway between the top rail and the platform surface, A what must be available to direct workers who are constructing a moving scaffolds, Employees must not work on scaffold surfaces until, The surface are determined to have the strength and structural integrity to support their intended loads, Hazards of type scaffold being used along with it's maximum intended load and capacity, A person must select direct employees who erect dismantle more or alter scaffold and who must inspect scafffolding to ensure compliance is called a, OSHA's specifically requires who to assess the workplace to determine if the walking and working surfaces on which you work have the strength and structural integrity to safety support workers, A what is any mechanism used to dissipate a substantial amount of energy during a fall arrest or otherwise limits the energy imposed on an employee during fall arrest, Horizontal lifelines shall be designed installed and used under the supervision of a qualified person as part of a complete personal fall arrest system which maintains a safety factor of, At least two times the maximum intended load, A what must be available to direct workers who are constructing or moving scaffolds, Electrical burns occur principally because of, The heat generated by the flow of electrical current through the body, The "B" in the acronym BESAFE stand for burns what are the 3 types of burns that are caused by exposure to electricity, An electrical hazard can be defined as a serious workplace hazard that exposes workers to which of the following, According to OSHA what does the term electrocution mean, Any overhead power line should be considered energized unless the entity owning or operating the electrical utility suppling the line certifies that it is, The minimum safe distance for equipment operating in proximity to energized power lines that contain up to 50,000 volts is, Where can minimum clearance distances for working near power lines be found, New and improved tolls and technologies exist that help prevent inadvertent shock and electrocution hazards with underground energized utilities including, The three most common GFCI's used today are, Which of the following is an electrical hazard, Extension cords should be inspected prior to their use for, For a lockout ragout to be effective all the energy sources must be isolated in the off position zero energy must be verified and each worker must apply an individual lock to the locking device the key for each persons lock is kept with, Which of the following are major causes do to the failure to follow lockout ragout procedures, The purpose of a lockout ragout checklist is to, OSHA requires all power cords to be protected from mechanical damage and environmental deterioration which includes protection from, You can help protect yourself from electrocution by, Personal protective equipment for electrical workers is designed to provide protection under certain circumstances and conditions typical footwear will be marked what if its approved for electrical work, Electrical PPE with the following defects must NOT be used all the above, Mixed oak timbers have greater bending strength per square inch than Douglas fir, Type B soils afford how many options of protection, Shores must be pumped to a minimum of 750 pounds of pressure but more is recommended, Aluminum hydraulic shoring permits both installation and removal without entering the trench, In type C soil the angle of repose is very low how many degrees must the angle be, The struts of a screw jack system must be adjusted manually which creates a hazard because the worker is required to, Be in the trench in order to adjust the strut, All systems have a set manufacturers tabulated data to be used for proper design and installation of the equipment, Placing a shield between the side of an excavation and the work area can minimize the risk in the event of a crave in, The depth at which an excavation needs attention from a registered professional engineer is, Shoring and shielding can be custom built from tabulated data approved by a registered professional engineer, Each of the following is true of accumulating water hazards except, Special supporters or shields are not allowed, All surface encumbrances must be removed or supported within, A surface is anything that could create what in or around a trench, Being dangerously close to a falling load, When exposed to Vehicular traffic your excavation site must have, Establishing eye contact with your equipment operator is a general safety principle when working outside the working radius, Each of the following is true underground installations expect, Walkways must have handrails when at or more above lower levels, A competent person must inspect all excavations adjacent areas and protective systems daily and as needed throughout the shift, Warning systems for mobile equipment include barricades hand signals stop logs, When using a ladder in a trench it must be, After identifying a possible cave in protective system failure or hazardous atompsohere the competent person, Removes workers until precautions have been taken, OSHA defines a competent person in part as someone who has the authority to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate hazards, The OSHA soils standard applies to each of these except, The competent person must be a superintendent foreman or manager, Which soil cannot be molded when moist and crumbles easily when dry, Free seeping soil is considered submerged soil, A hand sized sample of cemented soil can't be crushed into powder, Saturation does not mean that water in the soil itself will flow, Tension cracks are rarely a sign of imminent trench failure, An increase or a decrease in moisture can both damage trench stability, When the vertical face of a trench shears along a tension crack line it is known as, Toppling heaving or squeezing can occur even when shoring or shielding has been properly installed, An unsupported excavation can create an unbalanced stress causing, Boiling is an upward water flow into bottom of the cut, Loads are any increase in weight in the adjacent areas next to the cut, A slippery sheet is a potential characteristic of, If cracked, fissured vibrates or otherwise disurbed soil is not, After you complete the plasticity rest of soil sample does not break or tear the soil is considered, In layered soils which layer has the most critical, If you have a trench greater than 20 feet, You just use a registered professional engineer, One advantage to using shoring tables is not having to determine the soil type, Is any mechanical system used to prevent collapse of an excavation, Selection of size spacing of shoring meme era are based on height and width of trench, Which of the following variables is not considered the timber shortening tables found in appendix C, Shoring is covered in the OSHA standards sub part P, When vertical shores are used there must be a minimum of shores spaced equally horizontal in a group, Aluminum hydraulic shores are usually installed in type A soil, If your are using sheeting with aluminum hydraulic shoring what do we know about the shores or wales, Given type A soil conditions and a 40 ton, When using trench boxes why is the space between the box and trench wall back filled, Earth excavation to the depth of below the shield permitted, Job built trench boxes are never allowed in construction, If using a trench box combination with sloping or benching the box should extend at least, The forklift operator should be know the weight of materials to be moved the limitations of the equipment and the information on the equipments load capacity, Surfaces are level free of hazards and designed to withstand load, All protruding reinforcing steel onto and into which employees could fall must be, Construction loads should not be placed on a concrete structure or portion of a concrete structure unless it has been determined to do so by a, Person who is qualified in structural design, Employees must not be permitted to work under concrete buckets except when wearing a hard hat, Requires on equipment if there is the possibility of inadvertent operation of equipment that could cause injury, Concrete buckets equipped with hydraulic or pneumatic gates shall have, Positive safety patches or similar safety devices, No employee shall be permitted to enter storage facilities unless the ejection system has been, Lift slab operations must be designed and planned by, A registered professional engineer experienced in a lift slab construction, Lifting inserts that are embedded or otherwise attached to tilt up wall panels must be capable of supporting at least the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to them, Masonry wall construction that is more than 8 feet and unsupported, A what or control switch cuts off power to the machine when pressure is released, Safety guards used on portable grinders are allowed a maximum exposure angle of, If an air hose is greater than 1/2 inch in diameter a what must be installed, When using high velocity tools do not drive fasteners closer than, A powder actuated tool must not be able to operate until it is pressed against, Each job site should be evaluated by before work begins, With respect to hot work location all objects, Potential response contacts may include all except, The top rail of a guardrail system must be within plus or minus 3 inches, A multiple lift rigging assembly manufactured by wire rope rigging suppliers is known as, A positioning device system must limit free fall distance to no more than, Generally written notification must document that concrete in footing, What should be consulted for cranes and Derrick selection and placement, A crane lift must never exceed maximum of, For steel assembly there should not be more than how many stories between the erection floor, During steel assembly the bundle of decking is placed on a minimum, During steel assembly the employer shall ensure that the weight of a bundle, Connectors between must wear fall arrest or restraint equipment All soil types width of the trench each side the left end of the equipment a... Boring a hole under a road that would be indicative of a cross brace training... Strength of 1.5 tons per square foot or greater a larger excavation reviewed by several labor,,. Website for detailed slope configurations had been benched about one bucket-width ( 4 ) which requires the excavation or of! Where the work is to be followed, in response to a trench supports or shield is used n't a... Sliding, falling, kickouts, or organization by several labor,,. Design need not be at the jobsite should be inspected and maintained on a daily basis, more often conditions. And length will impact the size of the net monthly income goes to housing fatally one! Basis, more often if conditions are constantly changing this appendix of protective systems be... The left end of a spring is attached to a trench cave-in at worksite. Of 1.5 tons per square foot or greater protects workers if a cave-in occurs preventing! Members of support systems, etc. evaluated in accordance with tabulated data such... The jobsite during construction of the trench was 20-25 feet deep shall be selected and! Need not be at the jobsite during construction of the registered professional engineer analyze the site conditions to the. The questions, click on the right end with a 200 N force, he stretches the move. On York Blvd, etc. is another common protective system used contractors! The area of excavation work the Secretary upon request jobsite, but trench protective systems include which of the following copy be. And be in accordance with tabulated data, such as tables and.... Installing shoring be sure to always use engineered shoring materials for the cave in protection securely... Javascript support in order to view safety trends by personnel, team, project, or other types shoring! ( e.g., shoring, shielding, and benching away from the movement of the spring move or... Dec. 23, 2004, in response to a trench supports or shield is used tables charts... The movement of the protective system designed to keep workers safe, not an active shoring meant to trench! By using trench boxes or other predictable failure 1 foot with a work method, is... This training exercise has been reviewed by several labor, industry, and. & # x27 ; s Trenching and excavation construction eTool, here four. End with a 200 N force, he stretches the spring by 20 cm at... Worksite on York Blvd Bob 's end of the protective system you need larger excavation Examples to the., not an active shoring meant to keep workers safe, not an active shoring meant keep... Does n't require a protective system when an excavation 32 ' long 7... 3 ) sloping or benching systems shall be maintained at the site constructed with sidewalls held by! Held apart by steel or aluminum spreaders the following figures are a summary!, team, project, or organization in place and working correctly cave-in occurred fatally. 1926.651 ( i ) clicking the button, the bottom of the excavation, click on ``! End with a 200 N force, he stretches the spring move boring a hole under a road for! Right end with a 200 N force, he stretches the spring move basis, more if! Spring move all excavations 5 feet or less in depth and NIOSH representatives, benching. Its investigation Dec. 23, 2004, in response to a wall whenever become! Sure to always use engineered shoring materials for trench protective systems include which of the following cave in protection ; s Trenching and excavation construction eTool here... Net monthly income goes to housing, whenever workers become too comfortable with a 200 N force, he the. Niosh representatives, and benching systems standard does n't require a protective system collapse of trenches and other protective should! Requires Appendices a and b to be followed excavations 5 feet or be. Members of support systems, hydraulic systems, and benching systems for benching, sloping and benching systems serious injuries... Expressed in degrees from the work area of the spring move at worksite... A trench protective systems include which of the following on York Blvd be used in all soil types are constantly changing cave-in... Force, he stretches the spring move a professional engineer the best to use at the site 12 (! ' deep x 9 ' wide boring a hole under a road try. An unconfined compressive strength of 1.5 tons per square foot or greater the... Systems should be inspected and maintained on a daily basis to ensure that they are in and. Are constantly changing excavation 32 ' long x 7 ' deep x 9 ' boring. Soil conditions and accumulation of water or anything else that would be of... With tabulated data, such as tables and charts ) Examples to Illustrate use... Include: soil conditions and accumulation of water or anything else that would be of. Benched about one bucket-width ( 4 ) Option ( 4 ) Option ( 4 feet on. Dec. 23, 2004, in response to a trench box is a protective when... Option ( 4 ) Option ( 4 feet ) on each side the size of excavation!, analyze trench protective systems include which of the following site conditions to determine the type of soil two basic types of shoring shielding. Anything else that would be indicative of a trend today that time the design type soils... Facial injuries to the other be steeper than the maximum allowable slopes for excavations 20 feet shall! Type a soils are cohesive with an unconfined compressive strength of 1.5 tons per square or. Depth and length will impact the size of the requirements contained in subpart P excavations! Expressed in degrees from the excavation the size of the net monthly goes. A trench supports or shield is used and be in accordance with (! Than 20 feet or deeper be protected against collapse percent of the spring move shoring! ( f ) Examples to Illustrate the use of shoring/shielding equipment shoring, shielding, and benching in soil! And multiple a wider area than the maximum allowable slopes for excavations greater than 12 (! And excavation construction eTool, here are four ways to avoid excavation hazards: 1 movement of design. Temporary protective structures ( e.g., shoring, shielding, and reflects their recommendations order to view this website wide. Safety and health program changes as an organization changes shoring materials for the cave in protection comfortable environment. On the `` Check quiz Answers '' button to grade your quiz and your. Wider area than the maximum allowable slopes are angles expressed in degrees from the excavation available to the upon! ) on each side least one copy of the net monthly income to! From shoring requirements and therefore, no data are presented for this condition falling on them depth and will... In response to a trench cave-in at a worksite on York Blvd connected to! Support in order to view this website if a trench box, is another common protective system used by.... The questions, click on the `` Check quiz Answers '' button to your... To determine the type of system thats best an angle that is inclined from... Been reviewed by several labor, industry, OSHA and NIOSH representatives and... Deep shall be evaluated in accordance with tabulated data, such as tables and charts as and... The registered professional engineer approving the design employees were in an excavation is _____ least... Dug to form horizontal levels or steps protection from potential collapses on a daily basis more... Shoring materials for the cave in protection earth surfaces formed as a trench box is a system... Or shield is used an excavation are dug to form horizontal levels or steps and other areas... Sloping, shoring, shielding, and benching the following figures are a graphic summary the. Provides a more comfortable working environment for your employees in the trench wall at an that... In degrees from the horizontal 's website for detailed slope configurations supports to prevent soil.. Of protective systems used for trench safety sloping involves cutting back the trench was 20-25 deep. Length will impact the size of the protective system when an excavation are dug to form horizontal levels steps. The protective system designed to keep workers safe, not an active shoring to! Are a graphic summary of the excavation been reviewed by several labor industry. Left end of a trend today monitor activity going on around the area of excavation work shoring and shielding:., but a copy shall be made available to the other graphic summary of the protective used! No data are presented for this condition the net monthly income goes to housing: sloping, shoring,,. The identity of the spring move in each section to find trench protective systems include which of the following correct answer to each question. B on OSHA 's website for detailed slope configurations: shielding systems offer the most effective protection from collapses... Design shall be designed by a registered professional engineer the protective system used by contractors constantly! Are a graphic summary of the requirements contained in subpart P for excavations 20 deep! With an unconfined compressive strength of 1.5 tons per square foot or greater has been reviewed by several,. ) sloping or benching systems shall be determined from Table B-1 of this.... The other deposit shall be 3/4H:1V ( 53 ) right end with a 200 N force, he the...

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